2016年8月17日星期三

Airlines and Cap

Airlines and Cap August 1st, 2011Since 2003, the European Union (EU) has been planning to require airlines using European airports to participate in EU emissions trading (ET) for greenhouse gases (GHGs).From the start of 2012, emissions from all domestic and international flights that arrive at or depart from an EU airport will be covered by the EU ET System. The operator of any flight of a large or medium sized airliner using any airport within the EU must report the airline total annual GHG emissions for all flights taking off or landing at any EU airport, and must retire one EU approved allowance or offset for each tonne of CO2e emitted during the year. from Mumbai to London.A good starting point for exploring the EU aviation ET scheme is the EU own Questions and Answers document,Directive of the European Parliament that established the GHG ET system for airlines can be coach online outlet read at:The EU intends to create 212.9 megatonnes of EU GHG coach outlet store aviation ET allowances in 2012. This number represents 97% of the average annual emissions by the airlines in EU service between 2004 and 2006.The free allowances will be allocated coach outlet store online according to a benchmarking process which measured the activity of each operator in 2010 in terms of the number of passengers and freight that it carried, and the total distance travelled. The 2012 benchmarks for all 4,000 operators should be published by September 30th, 2011.Airlines and GHG EmissionsWhy did the EU decide to include airlines in its ET system for GHGs?Airline emissions are a small coach factory outlet but fast growing fraction of total EU GHG emissions.Between 1990 and 2003, the EU's total GHG emissions from all sectors fell by 5.5%. However, during the same period, CO2 emissions alone from the international aviation of the 25 Member States of the EU increased by 73%On July 5th, the Air Transport Association of America, American Airlines, and United Continental first appeared before the European Court of Justice, seeking an exemption from the EU ET scheme for US airlines flying in and out of Europe.

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